Epidemiological profile of congenital hypothyroidism at a southern Brazilian state.

Objective: To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over a 10-year period at the Reference Service in Neonatal Screening of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RSNS-RS). Subjects and methods: Historical cohort study including all newborns screened for CH by the RSNS-RS from January 2008 until December 2017. Data of all newborns with neonatal TSH (neoTSH; heel prick test) values ≥ 9 mIU/L were collected. According to neoTSH values, the newborns were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1), comprising newborns with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and serum TSH (sTSH) < 10 mIU/L, and Group 2 (G2), comprising those with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L. Results: Of 1,043,565 newborns screened, 829 (0.08%) had neoTSH values ≥ 9 mIU/L. Of these, 284 (39.3%) had sTSH values < 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G1 group, while 439 (60.7%) had sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G2 group, and 106 (12.7%) were considered missing data. The overall incidence of CH was 42.1 per 100,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5-45.7/100,000) or 1:2377 screened newborns. The sensibility and specificity of neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L were 97% and 11%; of neoTSH 12.6 mUI/L, 73% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of permanent and transitory CH was 1:2377 screened newborns. The neoTSH cutoff value adopted during the study period showed excellent sensibility, which matters for a screening test.

Epidemiological profile of congenital hypothyroidism at a southern Brazilian state

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over a 10-year period at the Reference Service in Neonatal Screening of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RSNS-RS). Subjects and methods: Historical cohort study including all newborns screened for CH by the RSNS-RS from January 2008 until December 2017. Data of all newborns with neonatal TSH (neoTSH; heel prick test) values ≥ 9 mIU/L were collected. According to neoTSH values, the newborns were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1), comprising newborns with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and serum TSH (sTSH) < 10 mIU/L, and Group 2 (G2), comprising those with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L. Results: Of 1,043,565 newborns screened, 829 (0.08%) had neoTSH values ≥ 9 mIU/L. Of these, 284 (39.3%) had sTSH values < 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G1 group, while 439 (60.7%) had sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G2 group, and 106 (12.7%) were considered missing data. The overall incidence of CH was 42.1 per 100,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5-45.7/100,000) or 1:2377 screened newborns. The sensibility and specificity of neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L were 97% and 11%; of neoTSH 12.6 mUI/L, 73% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of permanent and transitory CH was 1:2377 screened newborns. The neoTSH cutoff value adopted during the study period showed excellent sensibility, which matters for a screening test.

Perfil e prognóstico a longo prazo dos pacientes que recebem terapia insulínica em unidades de terapia intensiva clínico-cirúrgica: estudo de coorte / Profile and long-term prognosis of glucose tight control in intensive care unit - patients: a cohort study

OBJETIVOS: Hiperglicemia induzida por estresse ocorre com freqüência em pacientes criticamente doentes e tem sido associada a aumento de mortalidade e morbidade tanto em pacientes diabéticos, quanto em não diabéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil e prognóstico a longo prazo dos pacientes críticos que recebem terapia insulínica contínua na unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva, em que foram estudados os pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva no período de 1 ano. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, escores de gravidade e o prognóstico a curto na unidade de terapia intensiva, e a longo prazo (2 anos da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva). Os pacientes foram classificados em 2 grupos: pacientes que receberam terapia insulínica contínua para controle glicêmico indicada pela equipe da unidade de terapia intensiva e pacientes que não receberam terapia insulínica. RESULTADOS: Dos 603 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 102 (16,9 por cento) receberam terapia insulínica contínua, objetivando níveis glicêmicos <150 mg/dL e 501 pacientes (83,1 por cento) não receberam insulina contínua. Os pacientes que necessitaram terapia insulínica contínua eram mais graves que os do grupo não necessitou de terapia insulínica: escore APACHE II (14 ±3 versus 11 ±4; p =0,04), escore SOFA (4,9 ±3,2 versus 3,5 ±3,4; p <0,001) e TISS das 24h (25,7 ±6,9 versus 21,1 ±7,2; p <0,001). Os pacientes do grupo que recebeu terapia insulínica contínua tiveram também pior prognóstico: insuficiência renal aguda (51 por cento versus 18,5 por cento; p <0,001), polineuropatia da doença crítica (16,7 por cento versus 5,6 por cento; p <0,001)] e maior mortalidade [na unidade de terapia intensiva (60,7 por cento versus 17,7 por cento; p <0,001) e 2 anos após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (77,5 por cento versus 23,4 por cento; p <0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A necessidade de controle glicêmico rigoroso através do uso de protocolos de ...

OBJECTIVES: Stress-induced hyperglycemia is frequent in critically ill patients and has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity (both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients). This study objective was to evaluate the profile and long-term prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing tight glucose-control. METHODS: Prospective cohort. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit over 1-year were enrolled. We analyzed demographic data, therapeutic intervention, and short- (during the stay) and long-term (2 years after discharge) mortality. The patients were categorized in 2 groups: tight glucose control and non-tight glucose-control, based on the unit staff decision. RESULTS: From the 603 enrolled patients, 102 (16.9 percent) underwent tight control (glucose <150 mg/dL) while 501 patients (83.1 percent) non-tight control. Patients in the TGC-group were more severely ill than those in the non-tight control group [APACHE II score (14 ± 3 versus 11 ± 4, P=0.04), SOFA (4.9 ± 3.2 versus 3.5 ± 3.4, P<0.001) and TISS-24h (25.7 ± 6.9 versus 21.1 ± 7.2, P< 0.001)]. The tight control group patients also had worse prognosis: [acute renal failure (51 percent versus 18.5 percent, P<0.001), critical illness neuropathy (16.7 percent versus 5.6 percent, P<0.001)] and increased mortality (during the ICU-stay [60.7 percent versus 17.7 percent, P<0.001] and within 2-years of the discharge [77.5 percent versus 23.4 percent; P<0.001]). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients needing tight glucose control during the unit stay have more severe disease and have worse short and long-term prognosis.

Profile and long-term prognosis of glucose tight control in intensive care unit - patients: a cohort study. / Perfil e prognóstico a longo prazo dos pacientes que recebem terapia insulínica em unidades de terapia intensiva clínico-cirúrgica: estudo de coorte.

OBJECTIVES: Stress-induced hyperglycemia is frequent in critically ill patients and has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity (both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients). This study objective was to evaluate the profile and long-term prognosis of critically ill patients undergoing tight glucose-control. METHODS: Prospective cohort. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit over 1-year were enrolled. We analyzed demographic data, therapeutic intervention, and short- (during the stay) and long-term (2 years after discharge) mortality. The patients were categorized in 2 groups: tight glucose control and non-tight glucose-control, based on the unit staff decision. RESULTS: From the 603 enrolled patients, 102 (16.9%) underwent tight control (glucose <150 mg/dL) while 501 patients (83.1%) non-tight control. Patients in the TGC-group were more severely ill than those in the non-tight control group [APACHE II score (14 ± 3 versus 11 ± 4, P=0.04), SOFA (4.9 ± 3.2 versus 3.5 ± 3.4, P<0.001) and TISS-24h (25.7 ± 6.9 versus 21.1 ± 7.2, P< 0.001)]. The tight control group patients also had worse prognosis: [acute renal failure (51% versus 18.5%, P<0.001), critical illness neuropathy (16.7% versus 5.6%, P<0.001)] and increased mortality (during the ICU-stay [60.7% versus 17.7%, P<0.001] and within 2-years of the discharge [77.5% versus 23.4%; P<0.001]). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients needing tight glucose control during the unit stay have more severe disease and have worse short and long-term prognosis.

Biópsia de linfonodo-sentinela em câncer de mama: experiência pessoal / Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breastcancer: personal experience

Objetivos: Avaliar o emprego da biópsia do linfonodo-sentinela em pacientes com câncerde mama em estádio inicial de uma clínica privada, analisando o índice de identificação dolinfonodo-sentinela, o valor preditivo, a acurácia e o índice de complicações da técnica.Métodos: Foram analisados 173 prontuários de pacientes que foram submetidas à técnicada biópsia do linfonodo-sentinela no período entre setembro de 2001 e setembro de 2004.Resultados: Referente à curva de aprendizado (32 casos), o índice de identificaçãodo linfonodo-sentinela foi de 90,6%, e o método apresentou um valor preditivo negativode 95,4%, um valor preditivo positivo de 100% e uma acurácia de 96,5%. Considerando ototal de 173 casos, os índices de identificação do linfonodo-sentinela e de complicaçõesforam, respectivamente, 98,2% e 2,3%.Conclusão: O estudo sugeriu que a Biopsia do Linfonodo Sentinela foi clinicamenteútil, devido ao significativo índice de identificação do Linfonodo Sentinela e à baixa taxade falso-negativo da curva de aprendizado, números que devem ser almejados pelos cirurgiões,para que possam substituir a linfadenectomia por tal técnica. A necessidade daexperiência cirúrgica para o sucesso deste método é confirmada neste estudo pela mudançado índice de identificação de 90,6% na curva de aprendizado, para 98% quando consideradastodas as pacientes.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with initialbreast cancer of a private clinic, analyzing the rate of identification of sentinel lymphnode; the predictive value, the accuracy and the rate of complications of the method.Methods: There were analyzed 173 files of patients that underwent sentinel lymphnode biopsy in the period between September 2001 and September 2004.Results: Regarding the learning curve (32 cases), the identification rate of sentinel lymphnode was 90,6%; the method presented negative predictive value of 95,4%, positive predictivevalue of 100% and accuracy of 96,5%. Regarding the total 173 cases, the rates of identificationand complications of the method were, respectively, 98,2% and 2,3%.Conclusions: The study suggested that the sentinel lymph node biopsy was clinicallyuseful, due the significant identification rate of the sentinel lymphnode and due the lowrate of false-negative in the learning curve, rates that must be achieved by the surgeons,so they can replace lymphadenectomy by this technique. The need of surgical experiencefor the success of this method is confirmed in this study by the change of rate identificationof 90,6%, in the learning curve, to 98% when considered all the patients.